Approved by

Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

FEDERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS

IN THE AREA OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE "RULES FOR ARRANGEMENT

AND SAFE OPERATION OF HOISTING MACHINES

AND MECHANISMS USED AT

NUCLEAR FACILITIES"

(NP-043-18)

I. Purpose and scope of application

1. These Federal Rules and Regulations in the area of nuclear energy use "Rules for arrangement and safe operation of hoisting machines and mechanisms used at nuclear facilities" (NP-043-18) (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) were developed in accordance with Federal Law No. 170-FZ dated November, 21, 1995 "On nuclear energy use", Provisions for development and approval of federal regulations and rules in the area of nuclear energy use approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1511 dated December 1, 1997 (Collected Acts of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 49, art. 5600; 2012, N 51, art. 7203).

2. The requirements of these Rules apply to hoisting machines and mechanisms with the lifting capacity of 1 ton and more, specially designed for use at commissioned, operating and decommissioned nuclear facilities when handling and moving nuclear materials, nuclear fuel, radioactive substances, radioactive waste, radioactive sources as well as when moving cargo in rooms (areas) where systems and components important for safety of the nuclear facility are located.

These hoisting machines and mechanisms include:

a) cranes including:

hoisting cranes of all types, inter alia imported stationary hoisting cranes used in the process cycle and affecting safety of nuclear installations, radioactive sources and storage facilities;

hoisting electric trucks moving along overhead rail tracks (hereinafter - the tracks);

electric hoists;

b) interchangeable load-gripping apparatus and removable load-gripping devices.

3. The requirements of these Rules do not apply to cranes:

a) used in the course of production, testing, operation and recycling of nuclear weapons and military purpose nuclear power installations;

b) used on vessels and other watercraft with nuclear reactors and nuclear maintenance vessels;

c) with hand-operated lifting and moving mechanisms;

d) of general industrial purpose, used at nuclear facilities outside of rooms (areas) where systems and components important for the safety of nuclear facility are located (the said cranes are regulated by federal regulations and rules in the area of industrial safety "Safety rules for hazardous industrial facilities where hoisting devices are used" approved by Order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service No. 533 dated November, 12, 2013  (registered by Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on December, 31, 2013, registration number No. 30992; Bulletin of Federal Agency Regulations, 2014, No. 8) with amendments introduced by Order of Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service No. 146 dated April, 12, 2016 (registered by Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on May, 20, 2016, registration number 42197; Official Internet Portal of Legal Information www.pravo.gov.ru, 2016, No. 0001201605250009) shall be applied to these cranes));

e) used in the course of construction and installation works at the stage of the nuclear facility construction.

4. The period and scope of bringing the cranes operated at nuclear facilities into compliance with the requirements of these Rules shall be defined on the case by case basis by the operating organization and specified in the safety analysis report for the nuclear facility (hereinafter - the nuclear facility SAR).

5. The terms and definitions used in these Rules are given in appendix 1.

II. General Provisions

6. Depending on the purpose, cranes specified in par. 2 of these Rules are divided into the following groups:

1) cranes of group A - cranes used for managing irradiated nuclear fuel and (or) highly radioactive waste (except for cranes used to manage spent nuclear fuel and (or) highly radioactive waste placed into transport packings);

b) cranes of group B - cranes used for managing spent nuclear fuel and (or) highly radioactive waste placed into transport packings, nuclear materials, fresh nuclear fuel, radioactive substances, radioactive sources as well as radioactive waste not classified as highly radioactive waste;

c) cranes of group C - cranes used for moving cargo in rooms (areas) where systems and components important for safety of the nuclear facility are located.

If the sphere of the crane application corresponds to different groups, the crane shall be placed into the crane group for which these Rules set more stringent requirements.

7. Cranes shall be classified into the groups specified in par. 6 of these Rules by the nuclear facility project developer, and this classification shall be specified in the terms of reference for the crane design which is to be approved by the nuclear facility designer and agreed with the operating organization. The requirements for contents of the terms of reference for the crane development are given in Appendix 2 to these Rules.

8. Cranes and their mechanisms, interchangeable load-gripping apparatus and removable lifting gear shall comply with the nominal characteristics specified by the manufacturing organization (or the organization that has performed their refurbishment) and shall have the relevant labeling. The requirements for contents of the crane and sling certificate are given in Appendix 3 to these Rules.

9. Crane operating conditions in explosion-and-fire-hazardous environment (with indication of the environment category and class of the explosion-and-fire-hazardous area) under radiation and seismic impacts shall be specified in its certificate and operation manual (guideline).

10. Technical specifications for the cranes of groups A and B shall contain the requirements for the crane disposal after its lifetime expiry.

11. Managers and specialists of the organizations performing any works related to development, manufacturing, installation, repair, refurbishment, testing and operation of cranes shall be subject to knowledge checks with regard to job descriptions and the relevant chapters of these Rules in accordance with the procedure and time limits established by the organization performing the above-mentioned works but at least once per five years.

12. Assessment of compliance for cranes shall be performed in accordance with federal regulations and rules in the area of nuclear energy use establishing the rules of compliance assessment for the products subject to the requirements related to safety assurance in the area of nuclear energy use.

III. Requirements for cranes of group B

General requirements

13. Capacity and other parameters as well as dimensions of the cranes shall be established in the terms of reference for development. Classification group (operation mode) for the crane and mechanisms in general shall be selected in accordance with Appendix 4 to these Rules.

14. The crane shall be supplied to the operating organization together with the certificate and the operation manual (guideline).

15. In order to systematize design coefficients and combinations of operating loads in the course of crane development the following criteria shall be used:

a) durability limitations for the crane components (including fatigue damage and wear);

b) any loss of operability of the crane components including: plastic deformations; failure (ductile and brittle); loss of general or local stability of the crane structure or its components; loss of position stability for a hoisting device or its components;

c) abnormal operation of the crane.

16. Cranes shall be resistant to tipping, shift (displacement) along and across the rails.

17. Supported cranes and trucks shall be equipped with devices aimed to prevent derailing of the running wheels in case of their separation from the track. The above-mentioned devices shall not impair operation of the crane as well as movement of the crane or the truck after termination of any external impacts (including seismic ones). Stops that limit displacements along the rails shall withstand maximum forces from the crane or the truck under any external impacts.

18. Jib-type cranes shall be resistant to tipping in operable and inoperable state. Stability calculations for the crane shall be performed for the testing load, impact of the load (stability under working conditions), absence of any load (inherent stability), sudden load removal and installation of the crane.

For cranes with operating conditions requiring the unloaded jib lowering into horizontal position stability with this jib position shall be ensured.

19. Operability maintenance and (or) restoration for the crane and its components in case of any external impacts of natural and human-induced nature shall be substantiated by the crane developing organization.

20. Double-beam bridges of overhead travelling cranes shall have maintenance platforms in order to ensure free access to any equipment installed on the crane.

21. For cranes with retractable metal structures their reliable fixation in extended position shall be ensured.

22. Protection against any possible collisions shall be provided for cranes with common track sections. Similar protection shall be provided for the load carrier of the upper deck (decks) crane with any crane located below.

Metal structures of cranes

23. Materials for development of the crane metal structures shall be selected with due regard for the ambient temperatures in operable and inoperable state of the crane, category of the rolled products (cold resistance level), metal thickness, loads on the crane components and aggressiveness of the environment.

24. Crane metal structures shall be corrosion-resistant in the course of storage, installation, operation within the entire service life of the crane inter alia with due regard for any impacts caused by malfunctioning of the nuclear facility (including accidents at the nuclear facility).

25. Compliance of any engineering solutions adopted in the course of development, repair or refurbishment of the crane metal structures shall be confirmed by calculations of operability and durability criteria established depending on the design and operating conditions of the crane and its components.

26. The limit state method shall be applied to calculate the metal structures in order to consider probabilistic nature of impacts and operating conditions at any particular nuclear facility as well as uncertainties of the calculation models in the operability criteria. In case of any required input data unavailability the permissible stress method shall be applied subject to approval of the nuclear facility project designer.

27. Quality and characteristics of the basic, welding and hard-faced materials for crane manufacturing shall comply with the requirements of regulatory documents and engineering documentation, shall be confirmed by certificates and checked in the course of incoming control.

28. In case of incompleteness of data in the certificates the use of materials shall be permitted only after the necessary additional tests and inspections confirming their complete compliance with the requirements of standardization documents. Results of the additional tests and studies shall be documented and attached to the material certificate.

Crane mechanisms

29. Mechanisms of hoisting cranes equipped with cam, friction or other mechanical devices for their activation or working movement speed selection shall be designed in such a way so that any spontaneous starting or detachment of the crane mechanism is impossible. The possibility for the drive outage without any brake application shall be eliminated in the load and jib lifting winches in addition to the above-mentioned requirement.

30. Hoisting winches with two drives shall have rigid kinematic connection between them in order to prevent spontaneous load lowering in case of any failure of one drive.

31. Application of friction and cammed shift sleeves in power-driven mechanisms is not permitted except for the speed selection purposes in traveling or slewing mechanisms with several speed ranges.

32. Load and jib lifting mechanisms shall be designed to ensure that the load or jib could be lowered only with the engine working. Lowering of the load in emergency cases shall be described in the operation manual (guideline).

33. Connections of assemblies and parts arranged without any welding shall be used in the torque transmitting crane mechanisms.

34. Welded rope drums may be used provided that non-destructive control of weld joints prescribed in the regulatory documents and the engineering documentation is made in full.

35. Spontaneous unscrewing or detachment shall be eliminated in the joints between the crane components.

Brakes

36. Means aimed to stop each movement of the crane shall be provided.

37. Service brakes shall ensure travel stop in spite of the lining heating with due regard for:

a) number of braking actions within a certain period;

b) drive control type;

c) kinetic energy of all rotating masses (the engine rotor, brake pulley, clutch coupling, line shafts);

d) kinetic energy of all reciprocating masses (mass of the load, mass of the load-gripping apparatus and appliances);

e) potential energy differential for the lowered load in the course of braking action;

f) loads in the course of static and dynamic testing;

g) any power supply interruption or emergency stop.

38. Design of the control system shall prevent application of brakes with the drive in operation (except for the cases with sudden power supply loss for the drive).

39. Emergency braking shall be performed automatically upon actuation of protective devices. Emergency braking shall ensure the required deceleration rate (in accordance with the requirements for the crane design) with full loading of the crane.

40. Worm gear of the crane mechanisms cannot be used as a substitute for the brake.

41. If the brakes are bridged under the impact of springs the spring ends shall be fixed and the springs shall be installed in such a way so that to prevent their bending and drop-out of their separate parts in case of any breakage.

42. If coiled springs are used their parts shall not screw into each other in case of any spring failure.

43. Design of the brakes shall ensure wear compensation for the braking elements (discs and blocks).

44. Design of the brakes shall enable inspection of the brake-shoe linings for wear without the mechanism disassembly (except for the casing removal). The possibility for the brake adjustment and the brake-shoe lining replacement shall be provided. Fastening of the brake-shoe lining shall prevent spontaneous attenuation.

45. Dry-friction block, band and disc brakes shall be protected against ingress of any dirt, moisture or oil onto the brake pulley (band, disc).

46. Brake-shoe linings for all types of cranes shall not contain asbestos.

47. Friction coefficient for the brake-shoe linings shall not decrease below the design value under all permissible operating conditions (including heating of the linings) and ambient conditions.

48. Inspection and maintenance methods and frequency for the brakes as well as wear and replacement criteria for the linings shall be specified in the operation manual (guideline).

49. Mechanisms for load lifting and varying of the jib radius (lift) shall be equipped with normally closed brakes opening automatically upon the drive actuation and having non-detachable kinematic connection to the drums. Brakes shall be applied automatically in case of outage of engines (inter alia due to outage of power supply).

50. Brakes used in the lifting mechanisms with a load-lifting drum shall have sufficient brake torque and heat resistance of the brake-shoe linings (permissible heat dissipation for the brake) in order to operate with the nominal load in accordance with the load-lifting characteristics of the crane.

51. Brakes of the lifting mechanism shall automatically hold the nominal load as well as the testing load in the course of static and dynamic tests in any load elevation within technical specifications of the crane.

52. The brake of the load and jib lifting mechanism shall provide the brake torque with the braking safety factor of at least 1.5.

53. Two brakes with the braking safety factor of at least 1.1 for one of them and at least 1.25 for the other one may be installed on the jib lifting mechanism in order to reduce dynamic loads. In this case brakes shall be applied in series and automatically.

54. Brake actuation delay shall be provided in order to ensure smooth stop of the load. In this case the actual delay shall not exceed the design value by more than 1.3 times.

55. For a lifting mechanism with two drives actuated simultaneously at least one brake with the braking safety factor of 1.25 shall be installed on each drive. If two brakes are installed on each drive and the mechanism has two and more drives the braking safety factor for each brake shall be at least 1.1.

56. If two brakes are installed their design should enable deactivation of any brake to check reliability of the other one in the course of testing under load-lifting conditions.

57. In case the load should be lowered on the floor in emergency situation the possibility for manual release with the possibility to control the load lowering speed shall be provided. The process for emergency load lowering shall be described in the crane operation manual (guideline) with due regard for heat resistance of the brake-shoe linings.

58. Brakes of the crane travel and slewing mechanisms shall be normally closed and automatically open upon the drive actuation.

Running wheels of cranes

59. Running wheels of cranes shall be single-flanged or double-flanged.

Single-flanged running wheels may be used in the following cases:

a) in case the wheel track of the surface crane rail does not exceed 4 m and both lines are located at the same level;

b) in case the cranes move along two rails on each side provided that the flange position on one wheel is opposite to the flange position on the other wheel (if the wheels are located on the same axis);

c) for supported and suspended trucks of bridge cranes;

d) for suspended trucks moving along a single rail;

e) for trucks of tower cranes.

Running wheels of tower cranes shall be double-flanged regardless of the wheel track width.

Flangeless running wheels may be used subject to availability of devices aimed to prevent derailing of the wheels.

60. Running wheels shall be made of steel. Running wheels made of ductile cast iron in accordance with the technique approved by the crane developing organization may be used.

Steel ropes

61. Steel ropes used as load-lifting, jib-derricking, guy, load-bearing, traction and erection ones shall be permitted for use subject to availability of the rope manufacturing organization certificate on their testing (with indication of the breaking tension for such ropes).

62. Fastening and location of ropes on the cranes shall prevent the possibility for their coming off the drums or blocks and contact with stationary metalwork elements or with other runners.

63. The loop at the end of the rope shall be made:

a) with a deadeye and splicing of the free end or with installation of clips;

b) with a steel forged, pressed or cast bushing fastened with a wedge;

c) by pouring with fusible alloy.

Loops on the slings made of steel rope shall be subject to testing with indication of the load and the testing date on a tag attached to a sling.

64. Casings, bushings and wedges shall not have sharp edges capable of causing the rope wear out. A wedge-type bushing and a wedge shall have the labeling corresponding to the rope diameter.

65. Fastening of the rope to the drum shall be arranged through the use of the reliable method enabling the rope replacement. In case clamping plates are used there shall be at least two of them. The nut tightening force (torque) for the rope clamps on the drum shall be specified in the crane operation manual (guideline).

66. The length of the free rope end from the clamping plate on the drum shall be at least equal to the double diameter of the rope.

67. The number of the rope punctures with each ply in the course of splicing shall comply with the value specified in Table 1 of these Rules.

Table 1

Number of the rope punctures in splicing

68. The last puncture by each ply shall be performed by the half number of its wires (half cross-section of the ply). It is allowed to make the last puncture with half number of the rope plies.

69. The number of clamps for the rope loop fastening shall be determined in the course of development with due regard for the rope diameter but shall be at least three.

The interval between clamps and the length of the rope free end from the last clamp shall be at least six diameters of the rope.

The clamp brackets shall be installed on the free rope end side.

Deviation of the rope from the axis of the drum channel or the pulley groove for classification (duty) groups M7 and M8 shall not exceed 2° for low-rotation steel ropes and 4° for standard steel ropes. For the rope balancer this angle shall not exceed 1.5°.

70. Requirements for the steel rope design shall be specified in the crane operation manual (guideline) by the crane developing organization based on the purpose and operation intensity of the mechanism where the rope is installed and also on aggressiveness of the environment where the crane is operated.

71. Lang lay ropes may be used in the lifting mechanisms of cranes only in cases when the design of the lifting mechanism eliminates the possibility for the rope rotation.

72. Ropes shall be selected with due regard for their breaking force calculated in accordance with the formula:

Fo  Zp · S,

where Fo is the breaking force for the entire rope (H) assumed in accordance with the rope certificate (test report);

Zp is the minimum rope use factor (load factor for steel ropes) defined in accordance with Table 2 of these Rules depending on the mechanism classification group;

S is the maximum rope line (H) tension specified in the crane certificate.

Table 2

Minimum rope use factor values Zp

73. Selection of ropes with due regard for external impacts (including seismic ones) shall be performed based on the use factor value specified in Table 2 for a standing rope of the entire mechanism classification group M1.

74. Rejection of steel ropes for cranes shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix 5 to these Rules.

Interchangeable load-gripping apparatus and removable

load-gripping gear

75. Dimensions and basic parameters of forged and pressed hooks shall be defined in accordance with the lifting capacity, the lifting mechanism classification (duty) group, type of the hook and the crane drive type.

Application of cast hooks is not permitted.

Hook blanks shall be controlled by non-destructive methods for absence of any cracks.

76. All hooks shall be equipped with safety locks.

77. Lamellar hoist hooks shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the lifting capacity and the lifting mechanism classification (duty) group.

78. Hooks for cranes with the capacity exceeding 3 t shall be installed on thrust rolling bearings except for special-design and lamellar hooks.

79. Fastening of a forged and (or) pressed hook with the capacity exceeding 5 t as well as fastening of a lamellar hook fork in the spread bar shall prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the hook fastening nut; for this purpose it should be fixed with a locking plate.

80. Lifting capacity shall be indicated on hoist hooks. Special-design hooks for cranes used at nuclear facilities shall be delivered together with the certificate indicating the manufacturing organization name, serial number of the hook as well as information on the hook lifting capacity and the material it is made of.

81. Requirements for other load-gripping apparatus and appliances shall be established in the terms of reference for their design.

Centers of gravity shall be indicated on the spread bars; they shall be also equipped with the devices aimed to prevent any displacement or slipping-off of slings and transported load.

82. Load-gripping apparatus and appliances shall ensure reliable gripping of the transported load preventing its spontaneous detachment.

83. Load-gripping apparatus and appliances equipped with a power drive for their connection to the load shall have interlocks to prevent spontaneous load detachment due to any erroneous actions of the personnel.

84. Detachment of power-driven load-gripping apparatus and appliances in case of any loss of power supply shall be eliminated.

85. Removable lifting gear shall be subject to static testing in the gear manufacturing organization.

86. Application of friction, magnetic and vacuum gripping devices for lifting and transportation of loads is not permitted.

87. Calculation of steel rope slings shall be performed by the design organization with due regard for their lifting capacity, the number of rope lines and their inclination angles in relation to vertical.

88. Design load on an individual line of a multi-line sling shall be determined based on uniform tension of each line and the design angle between the lines equal to 90°. Design angle for transportation of any load with known dimensions of suspension points shall be assumed to be equal to the actual one.

89. Not more than three lines shall be taken into account in the calculations of any sling with more than three lines bearing the design load.

90. For selection of slings intended for transportation of loads with known weight the actual angles shall be taken as the design angles between the sling lines.

Individual sling lines shall comply with the following safety factors: at least 6 - for sling lines made of steel ropes; at least 4 - for sling lines made of steel chains.

Transportation of loads through the use of cranes with polymer-based textile slings shall be substantiated in the work execution plan for these cranes.

Drums and blocks

91. Selection of the basic dimensions for drums and blocks shall be confirmed by strength calculations.

92. Minimum diameters of drums, blocks and rope balancers with steel ropes wrapped around shall be determined by the following ratios:

D₁  h₁ · d; D₂  h₂ · d; D₃  h₃ · d,

where d is the rope diameter, mm;

D₁, D₂, D₃ - diameters of the drum, block and rope balancer respectively along the median line of the wound-on rope, mm;

h₁, h₂, h₃ - diameter selection coefficients for the drum, block and rope balancer respectively (specified in Table 3 of these Rules).

Table 3

Minimum diameter selection coefficients for the drum

(h₁), block (h₂) and rope balancer (h₃)

The coefficient h₁ may be changed but not more than by two intervals of the classification group upwards or downwards (see Table 3 of these Rules) with the relevant compensation through change of the value Zp (see Table 2 of these Rules) by the same number of intervals downwards or upwards.

93. Coiling length of the drum shall be such that at least one and a half rope or chain coils (not including the coils under the clamp) would remain on the drum at the lowest position of the load-handling device determined by the limiter.

94. Drums for single-layer rope coiling shall have helically threaded grooves.

95. Use of a smooth drum is permitted in cases when multi-layer rope coiling on the drum is required due to any engineering reasons and also in case of chain coiling on the drum.

96. Smooth drums and grooved drums intended for multi-layer rope coiling shall have flanges on both sides of the drum.

97. Flanges of the drums for ropes shall protrude above the top layer of the wound-on rope by at least double diameter thereof, and for chains - by not less than the chain link width.

98. In case of multi-layer rope coiling on the drum proper laying of each rope layer shall be ensured.

99. If a double-sheaved block is used a rope balancer of a balance beam shall be installed. The device signalizing on the balance beam limit state shall be provided for installtion of the balance beam.

100. Blocks shall have the device preventing the rope coming out of the pulley groove. The gap between the above-mentioned devices and the block flange shall not exceed 20% of the rope diameter.

Chains

101. Documents for chains shall contain the information on the manufacturing organization as well as the data on the design pulling force and the breaking load value in the course of testing for these chains.

102. Fastening and location of chains shall prevent the possibility for their coming off the sprockets and damage.

The safety factor for plate chains used in the crane mechanisms in relation to the breaking load shall be at least 3 for classification (duty) groups M1-M2 and at least 5 for other mechanism classification groups.

103. Safety factors of welded hoisting chains of the lifting mechanisms shall comply with the factors specified in Table 4 of these Rules.

Table 4

104. Jointing of chains is not permitted.

105. Calibrated welded and plate chains on a sprocket shall be in full engagement with at least two sprocket teeth at the same time.

Electrical equipment

106. Crane components including external surfaces of cranes, electrical cabinets and motor casings that can be subjected to radioactive contamination in the course of operation shall be resistant to decontamination solutions and easy to decontaminate and shall have low radioactive substance absorption.

107. Design of the electrical equipment shall comply with the conditions of its operation at the nuclear facility.

Requirements of the terms of reference (technical specifications) with regard to electromagnetic compatibility and external impacts on the crane shall be taken into account in design of electrical equipment for cranes.

108. Electric wiring used for cranes shall be arranged through the use of flame-retardant wires and cable products resistant to internal and external impacts typical for the locations of these wires and cable products.

109. Crane control cabinets shall be reliably fastened and protected against access of any unauthorized persons.

110. Flexible cable current leads and stationary wiring on the crane shall be arranged only through the use of wires and cables with stranded copper conductors. Reliable fixation of cables in flexible current leads and stationary raceways preventing any mechanical damage in the course of the crane operation and external impacts shall be ensured. Wires and cables may be installed in pipes or closed trays in order to protect them against any potential mechanical damage.

111. Non-insulated conducting parts of the crane electrical equipment shall be fenced in case their location does not prevent unintentional contact with the personnel in the control cabin, on the crane galleries and platforms as well as near it.

Electrical equipment with non-insulated conducting parts subject to automatic de-energizing upon entry to its locations as well as electrical equipment installed in equipment shelters and other electrical rooms locked in the course of the crane operation may be free from fencing.

112. Manual controls installed on the panel in the crane cabin shall be easily accessible,  provided with inscriptions, symbols or designated in any other way and located so that to prevent their spontaneous movement and to ensure reliable, confident and unambiguous manipulation with them.

113. Warning system sensors shall not be used as limit switches.

114. A light or sound alarm registering the full locking of the load-gripping accessory and actuation of the interlock excluding its unauthorized unlocking shall be provided for cranes with remote control and power-operated load-gripping device.

115. Passages for maintenance of boards and individual panels in the equipment shelters and other electrical rooms shall comply with the following requirements:

a) width of the passages located on the front side of boards and panels and width of the passages located on both front and rear sides of boards and panels with double-side maintenance having continuous or meshwire fencing shall be at least 0.6 m;

b) distance from non-fenced non-insulated conducting parts located at the height of less than 2.2 m on one side of the passage to the wall or any equipment with insulated or fenced conducting parts located on the other side of the passage shall be at least 0.8 m. Distance between non-insulated conducting parts located at the height of less than 2.2 m on different sides of the passage shall be at least 1 m.

116. Voltage shall be supplied to the crane electrical equipment from the external grid through the input device (circuit breaker, automatic switch) with a manual or remote actuator.

117. The input device (protective panel) of bridge, gantry and console cranes shall have a special contact lock with a key (tag-key) without which voltage cannot be supplied to the crane.

118. A circuit breaker for voltage supply to the main trolleys or the flexible cable shall be installed in the place accessible for disconnection. The circuit breaker shall have a device for its locking in the disabled position.

119. The crane cabin and the engine room shall be equipped with electric lighting with the conducting parts fenced. Lighting shall remain operating when the crane mechanism power drives are switched off.

120. All cranes except for single-beam ones shall be equipped with low-voltage repair lighting with the voltage not exceeding 42 V.

121. The emergency lighting circuit power supply shall be arranged from the transformer or battery installed on the crane.

Hydraulic equipment

122. The hydraulic system design shall prevent the possibility for:

a) spontaneous load lowering in emergency situations (pressure drop, pipeline rupture, loss of joint tightness, engine stop); the drive mechanisms shall stop with any possible position of the controls;

b) any damage of the hydraulic gear components (pipelines, hoses, their joints) in case of any contact with the metalwork elements.

123. The hydraulic gear of mechanisms shall ensure the load lifting on the hook from any position and the load lowering with the required speed. The permissible load sagging during its hang-off shall be specified in the crane operation manual (guideline).

124. The device (check valve) preventing any possible load or jib lowering in case of a pressure drop in the hydraulic system shall be provided for load lifting, radius varying and telescoping mechanisms with a hydraulic cylinder.

125. The hydraulic system shall ensure complete and safe removal of the working liquid (and filling of the system) in the course of repair and maintenance. The working liquid shall be discharged from the safety valves to the hydraulic tank.

126. The hydraulic system design shall ensure:

a) replacement of the hydraulic drive components, pipelines and filters on the crane without any working liquid drainage from the hydraulic tank;

b) continuous filtration of the working liquid.

127. The filtration degree shall be defined with due regard for the requirements of technical documentation for the hydraulic equipment. The filter installed on the drain line shall have a relief valve.

128. Each hydraulic circuit shall be protected against overpressure above the operating value with a safety valve set for the operation with the nominal load and sealed.

129. The working liquid level shall be controlled according to the minimum and maximum marks on the oil-level gage. Application of probes is not permitted. In case several hydraulic tanks for liquid are used on the crane they shall have different labeling.

Recorders, limiters and indicators

130. Cranes shall be equipped with working motion limiters in order to provide automatic stop of:

a) the load-handling device mechanism in its highest and lowest positions;

b) the jib radius varying mechanism;

c) traveling mechanisms for rail-mounted cranes and trucks in case the crane (truck) speed upon approach to the limit position can exceed 30 m/min (traveling mechanisms of tower, gantry cranes and loading bridge cranes shall be equipped with limiters regardless of the traveling speed);

d) traveling mechanisms of cranes or their trucks operated at the same track;

t) traveling mechanisms of gantry cranes regardless of their travel speed.

131. Limiters specified in par. 130 of these Rules shall be also installed in case of necessity to limit travel of any mechanism (slewing mechanism, extension mechanism for the telescopic jib section or sections in the course of the crane installation, mechanisms of the load-handling device, cabin lifting).

132. Working motion limiters (limit switches) installed on the crane shall be actuated in such a way so to provide the possibility for the mechanism movement in the opposite direction.

Further movement in the same direction shall be permitted in the following cases:

a) for the bridge crane traveling mechanism - upon approach to the acess platform or the buffer stop with the lowest speed provided by the power drive;

b) for the mechanism of a jib-type crane jib lowering into the transportation position (without any load).

133. The limiter of the load or crane jib lifting mechanism shall ensure stop of the load-handling device in the course of lifting and the gap between the load-handling device and the stop of at least 50 mm for electric hoists and at least 200 mm for other cranes.

In case the load lifting speed exceeds 30 m/min an additional travel limiter actuated prior to the main limiter and switching the circuit to reduced lifting speed shall be installed on the crane.

134. Length of the braking distance for the crane mechanisms shall be specified by the manufacturing organization in the crane certificate and the operation manual (guideline): in the operating mode - the controlled braking distance, in case of any emergency stop - the emergency braking distance.

135. Limiters of traveling mechanisms shall ensure switch-off of motors and mechanisms at the following distance to the stops: for gantry cranes and loading bridge cranes - at least equal to the full braking distance, for other cranes - at least equal to a half of the braking distance.

136. Jib-type cranes (except for console ones) shall be equipped with the lifting capacity (load moment) limiter (hereinafter - the LCL) which automatically switches off the load lifting and radius varying mechanisms in case of lifting of any load with the weight exceeding the capacity for this radius by more than 10%.

137. The LCL for jib-type cranes with two or more load characteristics shall have the device aimed to switch it to the selected characteristic.

138. Bridge cranes shall be equipped with the LCL (for each hoisting winch) in case any overloading is possible according to under their operating conditions. Cranes with variable lifting capacity along the bridge length shall be also equipped with the LCL for each section of the bridge with different load characteristics.

139. The LCL for bridge cranes shall not permit any overloading by more than 10%.

140. Design of the LCL shall ensure:

a) the possibility to install the LCL on operated and newly manufactured cranes;

b) the possibility for the load lowering or actuation of other mechanisms in order to reduce the load moment after the LCL activation;

c) switch-off of the lifting mechanism in order to prevent its overloading by 10% or more in accordance with the terms of reference for the crane;

d) switch-off of the lifting mechanism in the course of lowering in case of load reduction on the load-handling device to the value corresponding to the load-handling device (lifting gear) mass;

e) regular operation of the LCL upon power supply after the crane blackout with the load fixed in the load-handling device;

f) prevention of any unauthorized access to the adjustment blocks of the LCL components.

The LCL design shall also:

a) not impair the crane operation for lifting of the loads with the weight not exceeding the lifting mechanism capacity;

b) enable the LCL disabling (locking) through the use of a special-purpose key or code in the course of the scheduled preventive maintenance of the crane and testing under load during integrated technical examination.

141. Force sensors used in the LCL shall be installed in supports of the hoisting drums, assemblies of the rope balancers and head blocks and stationary fastening units for hoisting rope ends.

142. Communication between the force sensors and electronic information processing units shall be arranged via a flexible current lead to the crane and truck (except for the cases when the LCL is equipped with a microprocessor unit with digital data transmission from the force sensors).

143. Maintenance (performance of the planned arrangements in the course of the LCL operation intended to ensure its operability and carried out in-situ) shall be performed at least once per 12 months (for nuclear power installations - at least once per a fuel campaign).

144. Cranes (except for the ones controlled from a pendant) shall be equipped with the warning beep device with the sound clearly audible within the crane operation zone. In case the crane has several control stations activation of the acoustic signal shall be possible from any of them.

145. Gantry cranes shall be designed for the maximum potential tilt effort occurring in the course of movement or equipped with automatic tilt limiters.

146. Bridge cranes shall be equipped with interlock for automatic de-energizing of the electrical equipment installed on the crane bridge upon entry of any operating personnel to the gallery. In this case it is permitted not to switch off electrical equipment with the voltage not exceeding 42 V.

147. For bridge cranes where the personnel entry is arranged via the bridge gallery the entrance door of the gallery shall be equipped with the interlock specified in par. 146 of these Rules.

148. The entrance door of the control cabin moving together with the crane shall be equipped with electric interlock on the access platform side in order to prohibit the crane movement with the door open.

149. In case the cabin has a covered platform the platform door shall be equipped with the interlock specified in par. 148 of these Rules.

150. For jib-type cranes with the cabin located on the crane slewing section the limiter for automatic switch-off of the slewing mechanism motor in case the manhole or door is open shall be provided in order to prevent the personnel squeezing in the course of passing from the slewing section to the non-slewing one.

151. For jib-type cranes with the lifting capacity varying with the jib radius change the indicator of the capacity corresponding to a certain radius shall be provided. The scale (display) of the capacity indicator shall be clearly visible from the workplace of the crane operator.

152. Cranes moving along the gantry rails and their trucks shall be equipped with:

a) elastic buffer devices;

b) supporting elements in case of any breakage of the undercarriage wheels and axes.

153. Supporting elements shall be installed at the height of not more than 20 mm from the rails (travel beams) where the crane (truck) moves and shall be designed for the maximum possible load.

154. Stops or any other devices preventing the jib overturning shall be installed on jib-type cranes with variable jib radius and flexible jib suspension.

155. The crane LCLs shall be sealed in order to prevent unauthorized access. The LCL sealing points shall be specified in the crane operation manual (guideline).

156. Recorders, limiters and indicators of the crane shall be independent from the actions of the crane operator under normal crane operation conditions. Any errors in the crane control shall not result in operability loss for the crane recorders, limiters and indicators.

Controls

157. Controls of the crane mechanisms and load-gripping apparatus shall be arranged in such a way so that to prevent any errors of the crane operator in selection of the mechanism movement direction and also shall have inscriptions, symbols or schemes indicating the crane mechanism movement directions.

158. Controls shall be designed and installed in such a way so that the control process would be convenient and would not impair observation over the load-handling device and the load.

159. Fixation of the handle in the initial position shall be ensured in case of continuous control.

160. Button controls intended for reverse start-up of the mechanism shall have electric interlocks in order to prevent voltage supply to the reverse mechanisms  in case of simultaneous pressing of both buttons.

161. Cord-operated controls shall have devices for self-return to the initial position, in this case operation of the mechanism shall be possible only subject to continuous pressing of the button or holding of the handle in the working position.

162. In case the cord-operated controls are located on a pendant the latter shall be suspended on a steel rope or special-purpose cable with the length sufficient for the personnel controlling the mechanism to stay at the safe distance from the lifted load.

163. For power-driven cranes switch-on of the line (main) contactor shall be possible only in case when handles of the controls (command controllers) are in the initial position.

164. Contacts of no-voltage interlock of the control panel with individual zero protection may be excluded from the protective panel (input device) contactor circuit. In this case the indicator (signal light) shall be provided in the control cabin in order to inform on the control panel switch-on or switch-off.

165. In case the crane has several control stations the interlock shall be provided in order to prevent simultaneous control from different stations.

166. For remotely controlled (radio-controlled) cranes mutual influence of leakages resulting in actuation of the following systems shall be eliminated:

a) control systems of the nuclear facility equipment;

b) remote control (radio control) systems of the cranes.

Control cabins

167. The crane control cabin shall be equipped with acoustic and light alarms.

168. The crane control panel or an individual indicator board installed in the cabin shall ensure:

a) indication (alarm) of interlock actuations;

b) display of information on the lifted load weight (for cranes equipped with the capacity control system).

169. The control cabin of a jib-type crane shall be located in such a way so that to eliminate any possibility of the load or the load-handling device impact on the cabin in the course of the crane operation with the minimum jib radius. Location of any crane mechanisms directly above the cabin is not permitted.

170. The cabin of a bridge crane or a mobile console crane shall be located under the bridge (console) gallery and connected to it with a ladder.

171. For bridge-type cranes the cabin may be suspended on the truck frame. In this case exit from the cabin to the bridge gallery shall be arranged through the truck floor or on the external railed ladder.

172. The cable of a bridge crane shall be suspended on the opposite side from the main trolleys. Exclusions are permitted in cases when the trolleys are inaccessible for any unintended touching from the cabin, from the access platform or the ladder.

173. Internal dimensions of the cabin shall be not less than: height - 2000 mm, width - 900 mm, length - 1300 mm; its volume shall be at least 3 m³. Free access to any equipment located in the cabin shall be provided.

174. The crane cabin shall have enclosure all around, continuous top cover and shall provide for the possibility to protect the crane operator against any impact of severe working conditions.

175. Window openings of the cabin shall be made of shatter-proof (safety) glass.

176. The cabin glazing shall be arranged in such a way so that to provide the possibility to perform cleaning of windows both from inside and from outside or a window wiper shall be installed. The bottom windows the crane operator can step on shall be protected with grids capable to withstand the gravity load of at least 1.5 kN.

177. For single-beam bridge cranes and suspended cranes height of the enclosure for the cabin intended for working in the seated position shall be at least 700 mm.

178. Cabins of bridge and mobile console cranes shall have rear and side enclosure with the height of at least 1800 mm in case the distance between the rear wall of the cabin and the building structures or equipment in relation to which it is traveling is less than 400 mm.

179. Rear enclosure of the cabin shall be arranged across the entire width, and the sides shall have enclosure with the width of at least 400 mm from the side adjacent to the rear wall.

180. The entrance door to the cabin shall be double-leaved or  sliding and shall be equipped with a lock on the inside.

181. A double-leaved door shall open inward of the cabin except for jib-type cranes, and in case of any covered or duly fenced platform in front of the cabin entrance the cabin door may open outwards.

182. Crane cabins shall be equipped with a fixed seat for the crane operator arranged in such a way so that to ensure the crane operation and observation over the load in the seated position. The possibility to adjust the seat position with regard to height and in the horizontal plane shall be provided in order to ensure convenience of work and maintenance of the controls.

183. The floor in the power-driven crane cabin shall have the flooring made of anti-slip non-metal materials and covered with a dielectric rubber mat. In cabins with large floor area dielectric rubber mats with the dimensions of at least 500x700 mm may be provided only at the electrical equipment servicing places.

The crane cabin shall be designed and equipped in such a way so that to ensure the required temperature and air exchange inside it.

Counterweight and ballast

184. Components of the counterweight and ballast shall be fastened or enclosed into a casing in order to prevent them from falling and to eliminate any possibility for change of the specified mass.

185. Use of sand, gravel, crushed stone for the counterweight or ballast is not permitted. Inventory marked loads manufactured and installed in accordance with the drawings of the crane manufacturing organization shall be provided as the counterweight or ballast on jib-type cranes.

186. Mobile counterweights shall be moved automatically upon the jib radius variation or shall have a counterweight position indicator (depending on the jib radius) visible to the crane operator.

Guards

187. Easily accessible moving crane parts that can cause an accident shall be covered with reliably fixed removable metal guards enabling convenient inspection and lubrication of the mechanisms.

188. The following parts shall be guarded:

a) toothed, chain and worm gear;

b) connection couplings withe protruding bolts and pins as well as other couplings located in the passage areas;

c) drums located at the distance of 500 mm from the workplace of the crane operator or in the passages; in this case fencing of the drums shall not impair observation over the rope winding on the drum;

d) shaft of the bridge crane traveling mechanism with a central drive and the rotation speed of 50 rpm and more (if the rotation speed is less than 50 rpm the above-mentioned shaft shall be guarded at the location of the gallery entrance manhole);

e) shafts of other crane mechanisms in case they are located in the areas intended for the operating personnel passage.

189. Running wheels of rail-mounted cranes and their support sledges shall be equipped with screens preventing any foreign objects from getting caught in the wheels. The gap between the screen and the rail shall be 5 to 10 mm.

190. Non-insulated conducting parts of the crane electrical equipment (particularly circuit breakers supplying power to the trolleys or the feeding cable) located in the areas where the possibility of touching them is not eliminated shall be fenced.

191.It is permitted not to fence the electrical equipment installed in locked equipment shelters or in any places automatically de-energized upon the personnel entry.

192. Conducting parts of the main trolleys located along the track and their running contacts shall be inaccessible for unintended touching from the crane bridge, the ladder, access platform and other platforms where personnel can be present through arrangement of the proper location of wires and running contacts.

193. Trolleys installed on the crane and not disabled by the manhole interlock contact (trolleys with the voltage exceeding 50 V for the cranes with a movable cabin) shall be fenced or located between the crane bridge beams at the distance of at least 1 m from the maintenance platforms. If any trolley guards are arranged they shall be located along the entire length and at the end faces of the crane.

194. The relevant protective devices shall be installed on the crane in the points of any potential contact between the hoisting ropes and the main or auxiliary trolleys of the crane.

Galleries, platforms and ladders

195. A crane shall have convenient access to the cabin. Safe access to the crane truck shall be arranged for bridge cranes. For single-beam and suspended double-beam bridge cranes galleries or platforms on the crane shall not be required in case a repair platform is available in the bay where it is installed.

196. In case any gallery intended for maintenance of electrical equipment and mechanisms is arranged on bridge cranes and mobile console cranes the free passage width shall be:

a) in the location area of the traveling mechanisms with a central drive - at least 500 mm;

b) in the location area of the traveling mechanisms with individual drives - at least 400 mm.

In the trolley location area width of the passage between the railings and trolley supporting devices as well as running contacts shall be at least 400 mm.

Galleries for passage along the track shall be arranged on both sides of the bay in the building bays where top-running bridge cranes with the classification (duty) group A6 are installed and also on crane trestles (except for single-beam and suspended double-beam cranes).

197. Galleries intended for passage along the track shall be equipped with railings on the bay side and on the opposite side if no wall is present. A gallery on an open trestle may be equipped with the railings at least 1100 mm high only on the exterior side (opposite to the bay).

198. Width of the passage (in the clear) on the gallery along the track shall be at least 500 mm and height - at least 1800 mm.

199. Side-wise passage or passage in the stem with the width of at least 400 mm and the height of at least 1800 mm shall be arranged at the column locations. It is not permitted to leave any non-guarded gallery section near the columns.

200. In case the passage is arranged inside the column the gallery width shall be reduced to the width of passage in the column at the distance of 1000 mm to the column. Each gallery shall have exits to ladders with the intervals of at least 200 m.

201. Repair platforms shall ensure convenient and safe access to the crane mechanisms and electrical equipment.

202. In case the distance from the repair platform floor to the bottom parts of the crane is less than 1800 mm the repair platform entrance door shall be equipped with a lock and automatic electric interlock de-energizing the main trolleys of the repaired section.

203. Mobile platforms that safely withstand the load specified in their certificates may be used instead of arrangement of stationary repair platforms.

204. Bridge cranes controlled from the cabin (except for single-beam and suspended double-beam cranes) shall be equipped with cabins (platforms) for maintenance of the main trolleys and running contacts in case they are located below the crane gallery flooring. The above-mentioned access means are not required for cranes with cable current leads.

205. The manhole for entry to the cabin from the bridge flooring for maintenance of the main trolleys shall be equipped with a cover having a locking device.

206. The cabin for maintenance of the main trolleys shall be guarded with the railings of at least 1100 mm high with continuous shielding in the bottom section with the height of 100 mm.

207. Dimensions of manholes arranged for entry in the flooring of the connecting passages of repair and other platforms shall be at least 500x500 mm. In this case manholes shall be equipped with covers easy and convenient to open.

208. The angle between the manhole cover in the open position and the flooring shall not exceed 75°.

209. An access platform with a stationary ladder shall be arranged for entry into the control cabin of a mobile console crane and also an electric truck moving along an overhead track.

210. The distance from the access platform floor to the bottom parts of the flooring or any protruding structures shall be at least 1800 mm. The access platform floor shall be located at the same level with the cabin floor or the covered platform floor (in case the cabin has a covered platform). The gap between the access platform and the threshold of the cabin (covered platform) door upon the crane stop at the access platform shall be at least 60 mm and not more than 150 mm.

211. The access platform may be arranged below the cabin floor level (but by not more than 250 mm) in case when the height criterion (1800 mm) cannot be met if the access platform is located at the same level with the cabin floor, and also when the access platform is located at the butt end of the building and the above-mentioned gap between the cabin threshold and the access platform cannot be arranged.

212. In case the access platform in the end of the track is arranged below the cabin floor level the cabin running onto the access platform (but not more than 400 mm) is permitted with fully compressed buffers. The gap between the access platform and the bottom part of the cabin (in vertical direction) shall be within 100 to 250 mm, between the cabin and the access platform fencing - within 400 to 450 mm and on the cabin entrance side - within 700 to 750 mm.

213. Entry to the bridge crane control cabin from the bridge shall be permitted only in case when direct access to the cabin is impossible due to any engineering or operating reasons. In this case the entrance to the crane shall be arranged in the dedicated place through the door in the bridge railings equipped with electric interlock and acoustic alarm.

214. Flooring of galleries, platforms and passages shall be made of metal or other durable materials complying with the fire safety requirements. The flooring shall be arranged along the entire length and width of the gallery or platform.

215. The flooring shall be arranged in such a way so that to prevent any possibility of slipping. In case flooring with apertures is used none of the aperture dimensions shall exceed 20 mm.

216. Galleries, platforms, passages and ladders arranged at the locations of trolleys or non-insulated energized wires shall be fenced regardless of any interlocks in order to prevent unintended contact with the trolleys or non-insulated wires.

217. Platforms and galleries, end beams of bridge cranes intended for access and (or) maintenance of the cranes shall be guarded with railings at least 1100 mm high with arrangement of continuous shielding 100 mm high in the bottom section.

218. Height of the railing on the end beam and truck of a bridge or mobile console crane may be reduced to 800 mm in case the building dimensions prevent from installation of the railings with the height of 1100 mm.

219. Railings and bottom shielding shall be also arranged on the end sides of bridge crane trucks and in absence of any gallery - along the crane bridge and on the longitudinal sides of the truck.

220. Racks on the access platform for fastening of the railings or fasteners of the access platform located at the height of more than 1100 mm from its flooring shall be spaced away from the cabin by at least 400 mm.

221. It is permitted not to guard end beams of bridge cranes with the width not exceeding 300 mm and also cranes with an electric hoist used as the lifting mechanism with railings if their end beams are not intended for the crane maintenance in accordance with the operation manual (guideline).

222. Ladders for access from the floor to the platforms and galleries of bridge cranes shall have the width of at least 600 mm. Width of ladders located on the crane except for the ladders with the height not exceeding 1500 mm shall be at least 500 mm.

223. Ladders with the height of less than 1500 mm located on the crane as well as ladders for exit from the cabin to the gallery of a bridge or mobile console crane may have the width of at least 350 mm.

224. Distance between the steps shall be at least 300 mm for steeply inclided ladders and 250 mm for inclined access ladders.

225. The interval between steps shall be equal along the entire height of the ladder. Steps of steeply inclined ladders shall be spaced away from the crane metal structures by at least 150 mm.

226. Ladders for access from the floor to the access and repair platforms and galleries for passage along the track shall be located in such a way so that to prevent any possibility for the personnel squeezing with a moving crane or its cabin; they shall be free and safe for the personnel movement. Blockage of the above-mentioned ladders and storage of any foreign objects on them is not permitted.

227. Arc-shaped guards shall be arranged on steeply inclined ladders beginning with the height of 2500 mm from the ladder base. Arcs shall be located at the distance of at least 800 mm from each other and shall be connected to each other with at least three longitudinal strips.

228. The distance between the ladder and the arc shall be at least 700 mm and not more than 800 mm with the arc radius of 350 to 400 mm. Arc-shaped guards are not required in case the ladder is arranged inside a lattice column with the cross-section not exceeding 900x900 mm or a tubular tower with the diameter of not more than 1000 mm.

229. Arrangement of steeply inclined ladders above manholes is not permitted. In case the ladder height exceeds 10 m platforms shall be arranged at the intervals of 6-8 m. It is permitted not to arrange these platforms in case the ladders are located inside a tubular tower.

230. Inclined ladders located on the cranes (except for jib-type cranes) shall be equipped with railings on both sides at least 1100 mm high in relation to the steps and shall have flat metal steps with the width of at least 150 mm preventing any possibility for slipping.

231. Ladders for entry to the maintenance platforms of jib-type cranes shall be stationary and (or) folding (retractable) with the railing height of at least 1500 mm at the entrance to the platform.

232. Steps shall have the width of at least 320 mm and the interval of 250 to 400 mm. Height from the floor surface or the platform to the first step shall not exceed 400 mm.

Rail tracks

233. The rail track shall be installed in accordance with the design documentation. The permissible load on the track shall be confirmed by calculations.

234. The design documentation (or standard design) of the rail track including installation drawings and operation manual (guideline) shall be developed by the crane manufacturing organization.

235. The design documentation of the rail track shall contain the following information:

a) type of rails;

b) scheme of loads from the crane wheels and seismic protection devices;

c) design load from the crane wheels and seismic protection devices;

d) devices for fastening of rails to each other and to the building structures under the crane;

e) minimum permissible radius of curvature at curved track sections;

f) design of buffer stops;

g) grounding of the rail track;

h) operation manual (guideline) including the necessary requirements for deviations in dimensions and mutual alignment of the rail track elements and their rejection in accordance with Appendix 7 to these Rules.

236. In case an additional crane or any crane replacing the previously used one but with higher lifting capacity and (or) larger weight or with higher classification group in installed on the track the track calculation shall be performed in order to check the increased load for permissibility. The calculation shall be attached to the crane certificate.

237. Rejection standards for the rail track components of supported and suspended cranes are given in Appendix 7 to these Rules.

238. The track shall ensure free (without any sticking) movement of the crane within the entire section of its traveling.

239. Rail tracks of cranes and suspended trucks or electric hoists equipped with points or turning circles as well as points for transfer of the crane or its truck from one track to another shall:

a) ensure smooth movement without any sticking;

b) be equipped with locks with electric interlocks preventing unauthorized transfer of the crane or its truck from one track to another;

c) have automatic interlock preventing derailing of a truck (electric hoist) upon its run-out to the console of a detached track section;

d) ensure switching of points or control of the turning circle by the signal of the truck (electric hoist) control system;

e) be equipped with a common circuit breaker for supply of voltage to the trolleys (or electric cable) of the truck (electric hoist), point switching mechanisms and electrical units of interlocking devices.

240. Rails on the rail track shall be fastened in such a way so that to prevent their transversal and longitudinal displacement in the course of the crane movement (except for elastic deformation under the load from the moving crane). In case the rails are fastened by welding the possibility for their thermal deformation shall be prevented.

241. Crossing of the tracks for gantry and tower cranes by motor vehicles shall be permitted in exceptional cases when their bypass is impossible. Safety measures shall be developed by the operating organization with due regard for the crane operation and traffic intensity.

242. Readiness of the rail track for operation particularly after repair (refurbishment) shall be confirmed by the acceptance certificate (with attached results of completion survey).

243. Limit deviation values for the rail tracks shall not exceed the values specified in Appendix D to GOST R 56944-2016. "National Standard of the Russian Federation Load-lifting cranes. Overhead crane tracks. General technical requirements" approved by Order of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June, 1, 2016 No. 463-st (M.: Standartinform, 2016).

244. The area for parking of the crane in inoperable state shall be arranged at each rail track.

245. Rail tracks in operation shall be subject to inspection prior to commencement of the works and scheduled checks of condition at least once per a month regardless of the crane use intensity.

246. Shift inspection of the rail track shall be performed by the crane operator within the scope specified in the standard operating procedure.

In case of any malfunctions detected the specialist responsible for safe performance of works with cranes shall be informed.

247. Scheduled checks of the rail track condition shall be performed by the person responsible for maintenance of cranes in good operable state.

Scheduled checks shall define compliance of the controlled rail track parameters with the requirements of the operation manual (guideline) and design documentation of the rail track and confirm that the track condition ensures safe operation of the crane.

Results of scheduled checks shall be recorded to the duty log of the crane operator.

IV. Requirements for cranes of group B

248. Cranes of group B shall comply with all requirements established in Chapter III of these Rules unless otherwise is stated in this chapter.

249. Cranes and load-gripping apparatus shall comply with the functional requirements imposed on them.

Component parts of cranes and load-gripping apparatus shall retain their operability and integrity under design conditions within the specified service life that shall be confirmed by testing or operation experience.

250. Any single failure of cranes and load-gripping apparatus shall not affect their capability to withstand operating loads and safety of the nuclear facility.

251. Cranes shall be equipped with lifting capacity limiters (for each hoisting winch) in case their overloading is possible according to the production process.

252. The LCL design shall ensure automatic actuation of acoustic and light alarm on the crane control panel upon actuation of the LCL as well as in case of its failures.

253. Drives of all crane mechanisms shall be equipped with automatic brakes. Each winch of the lifting mechanism shall have two brakes (the main and auxiliary one); each winch brake shall function independently of the other one. The main brake shall be installed either at the drum flange of the lifting mechanism or at the reduction gear shaft. The auxiliary brake may be located in any place in the kinematic chain of the lifting mechanism. Each brake shall be designed with the braking safety factor of at least 1.5 with due regard for the operating load impact.

254. Accelerations (decelerations) of the crane mechanisms occurring during start-up, stop and speed switching shall not exceed 0.2 m/s² for horizontal load movements and 0.1 m/s² for vertical movements.

255. Design of assemblies of the crane mechanisms and grades of the applied lubrication materials shall prevent any possibility for contamination of the crane and the area under it with lubricants. In case of necessity devices aimed to prevent any impingement of lubricants on the equipment located under the crane shall be provided.

256. Load lifting mechanisms shall have two independent limit switches. Actuation of any limit switch shall result in switch-off of the mechanism drives.

257. The second limit switch shall be actuated after the hook suspension passed the first switch in case of its failure.

258. The load shall not move down spontaneously upon actuation of the first or second limit switch.

259. Acoustic alarm shall be switched on in the hook suspension position corresponding to actuation of the first limit switch.

260. For the crane controlled from the cabin or from a fixed control station (hereinafter - the fixed station) actuation of interlocks or the first limit switch upon reaching of any impermissible positions or movements by the crane mechanisms shall be additionally accompanied by actuation of alarm (light or acoustic) in the crane control cabin (at the fixed station).

261. Upon actuation of the second limit switch light alarm shall be switched on in the crane control cabin (at the fixed station); it can be turned off only after detection of the cause and elimination of the malfunction which has resulted in further operation after the crane hook passed the position where the first limit switch should be actuated.

262. After lowering of the load the crane operation is not allowed until the cause of the first limit switch failure is identified and eliminated.

263. Light or acoustic alarm registering full closure of the load-handling device and availability of interlocks preventing the load lifting with the open load-handling device and its unauthorized opening shall be provided for cranes with remote control and  power-driven load-handling device.

264. Signals on actuation of lifting capacity limiters, interlocks or limit switches shall be clearly distinguishable and audible for the personnel operating the crane mechanisms.

265. Bridge cranes with the capacity exceeding 10 t and classification (duty) group of at least A6 as well as jib-type cranes shall be equipped with recorders for their operating parameters in order to account for the spent lifetime (particularly for extension of the specified crane service life).

266. Operating parameter recorders of the crane shall be sealed in order to prevent unauthorized access. The sealing points of the operating parameter recorders shall be specified in the crane operation manual (guideline).

267. The electric circuit of the lifting mechanism for a crane with a multi-motor electric drive shall ensure continuation of a process operation in case of a failure of one of the drive electric motors provided that the damaged motor is disconnected from the electric grid with a hand-operated switching device.

268. Electrical equipment of the crane shall be protected against ground short circuit.

Hardware and software used in the crane electrical equipment shall be duplicated with independent hardware in order to ensure:

a) emergency shutdown of the crane by the crane operator from the control panel;

b) emergency shutdown of the relevant lifting mechanism or the entire crane in case of any exceedance of the load movement speed;

c) emergency shutdown of the relevant lifting mechanism or the entire crane upon actuation of the lifting capacity limiter or the second limit switch.

V. Requirements for cranes of group A

269. Cranes of group A shall comply with all requirements established in Chapters III and IV of these Rules unless otherwise is stated in this chapter.

270. A polar crane shall be designed for the entire life cycle of a nuclear installation including decommissioning and any usage of the crane related to it.

Undercarriage and rail tracks of polar cranes shall be arranged with due regard for unobstructed movement of the cranes on circular rails.

271. The main lifting mechanisms of the crane shall have redundant electric motors (drives).

272. Each electric motor of the main lifting mechanism shall ensure independent transporation of the load into the specified safe position during normal operation of the nuclear facility.

273. Drives of the main lifting mechanism shall have fixed positioning speeds. Accelerations (decelerations) of the crane mechanisms occurring during start-up, stop and speed switching shall not exceed 0.15 m/s² for horizontal load movements and 0.05 m/s² for vertical movements.

274. Drives of the main lifting mechanism shall automatically switch off upon application of brakes in case of any rated load lowering speed exceedance by 30%.

275. Limit switched of the cranes limiting the travel on the course of horizontal load movements shall be redundant.

276. Cranes shall be equipped with devices for registration of the parameters necessary for recording and assessment of actual operation modes for the crane and its mechanisms.

277. Information on the load applied to the load-gripping apparatus of the crane shall be displayed by the transported load weight indicators. The indicators shall be located within the sight of the crane driver or operator.

278. Control cabinets of polar cranes shall be installed outside the reactor plant containment in a separate room.

279. The crane control panel shall ensure indication (signalization) of the interlock actuations.

280. The possibility for functional testing and in-service inspection of cranes and load-gripping apparatus shall be provided within their entire service life.

281. In case of necessity defined by the operating organization cranes and load-gripping apparatus shall be equipped with:

a) the system for the load-handling device swinging minimization;

b) the system for the load swinging minimization;

c) overspeed limiters in the areas with reduced load movement speed;

d) systems preventing simultaneous movement of the load along several axes of motion;

e) weight indication system for the transported load;

f) load position monitoring system.

VI. Manufacturing, installation, repair and refurbishment of cranes

282. Manufacturing, installation, repair and refurbishment of cranes shall be performed by specialized organizations in accordance with the project and (or) engineering and manufacturing documentation developed with due regard for the requirements of the crane engineering documentation.

283. Organizations specified in par. 282 of these Rules shall arrange quality control for the applied basic and welding materials, semi-finished products and component parts upon acceptance, regularly in the course of storage as well as prior to delivery for production and installation.

284. Welding of the design metal structures and the crane components and quality control for weld joints shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of these Rules, standardization documents and other regulatory documents.

285. Welding works shall be performed in accordance with the process control documents developed by the manufacturing organization or any specialized organization in compliance with the standardization documents and with due regard for the design of welded items.

286. Welding materials used to weld metal structures shall ensure mechanical properties of the weld metal and weld joint (breaking point, module of elongation, bending angle, impact viscosity) at least equal to the limit value of the above-listed properties for the metal of the basic metal structure components established for this steel grade in the standardization document or technical specifications.

In case different steel grades are used in the same joint mechanical properties of the weld metal shall comply with the properties of steel with higher breaking point. Grades of additive materials, fluxes and protective gases shall be indicated in the technical specifications for manufacturing, repair, installation or refurbishment of cranes.

287. Mated surfaces of the weld-on parts shall have the same configuration as the surface in the weld-on areas of these parts.

288. In the course of assembly of the metal structure components for welding accuracy of joints within the dimensions and tolerances determined by the drawings and production processes shall be ensured.

289. Welding shall be performed in the rooms eliminating any negative impact of weather conditions on the quality of weld joints. Performance of welding works outdoors is permitted in accordance with the special-purpose technique and subject to protection of the welding area against precipitation and wind.

The possibility and procedure for performance of welding works at the temperature below 0 °C shall be established in the regulatory documents for welding.

290. Welded components may be manufactured with application of different welding techniques at the same assembly that shall be indicated in the technical specifications.

291. It is permitted not to remove tack welds performed in the course of the metal structure assembly provided that would be completely fused in the course of welding.

Tack welds shall be cleaned from all slag prior to welding.

292. Design weld joints shall have a stamp or any other designation enabling to define the surname of the welding operator who has performed welding. The labeling method used for weld joints shall not deteriorate quality of the items. Labeling shall be arranged through the use of methods ensuring its integrity in the course of the crane operation. The labeling place and method shall be specified on the drawings.

293. The necessity for heat treatment of weld joints shall be established in the technical specifications for manufacturing, refurbishment, repair and installation of the crane.

294. In the course of manufacturing, installation, repair and refurbishment of cranes through the use of welding critical structures shall be controlled by non-destructive methods within the scope defined in the technical specifications developed by the specialized organization; in this case:

a) visual inspection and measurement of butt weld joints of the design components shall be performed along the entire length of the joint; in case the inner surface of the weld joint in inaccessible for inspection inspection and measurements shall be performed only from the outside;

b) the beginning and the end of weld seams of butt joints in chords and walls of box-type structures for beams, columns and jibs  shall be subject to mandatory radiographic or ultrasonic control;

c) the aggregate length of butt weld joint sections controlled by radiographic or ultrasonic method shall be at least: 100% of the butt joint length - on each butt joint of a tension chord for a box-type or truss metal structure; 50% of the butt joint length - for all other butt joints;

d) repair weld joints of metal structure components made of high-tensile steel shall be subject to 100% non-destructive control;

e) usage of welded rope drums shall be permitted subject to ultrasonic, magnetic powder or capillary control of at least 50% of weld joints;

f) machined surfaces of the hook mouth, the hook block, running wheels and pinions of load-lifting mechanisms shall be subject to 100% control for absence of any surface cracks.

295. The following defects with the rejection parameters exceeding the values stated in the technical specifications for manufacturing, repair, refurbishment or retrofitting are not permitted in the weld joints subsequent to the results of visual and measuring control or any other non-destructive control in the course of manufacturing as well as after repair, refurbishment or retrofitting of the crane:

a) cracks of all types and directions located in the weld metal, along the fusion line and in the heat-affected area of the basic metal as well as micro-cracks detected in the course of microscopic analysis;

b) lack of penetration (lack of fusion) on the surface across the weld joint section;

c) lack of penetration in the roots of corner and T-shaped joints performed without edge preparation;

d) local sags with the total length of more than 100 mm at the seam section of 1000 mm, undercuts with the depth of 0.5 mm in metal with the thickness of up to 20 mm but not more than 3 percent of the metal thickness;

e) pores with the diameter of more than 1 mm with the metal thickness of up to 20 mm and more than 1.5 mm with the metal thickness exceeding 20 mm in the quantity of more than 4 per the seam length of 400 mm with the distance of less than 50 mm between defects;

f) pores located in the form of continuous grid;

g) unfilled craters;

h) holes;

i) unfilled arc strikes in the weld metal;

j) arc strikes and melt-down of the basic metal (in case of butt resistance welding);

k) misalignment of edges exceeding the limits specified on the drawings.

In case any physical methods of non-destructive control are used the rejection standards shall take into account the character of the obtained flaw-detective data and shall be expressed in equivalent areas of defects and indication dimensions.

296. In the course of repair with the use of welding non-destructive control of the repaired weld joint section and the adjacent weld joint area affected by heat shall be performed.

297. It is not permitted to repair the same weld joint section with the use of welding more than three times. Information on the performed repair works shall be specified in the crane certificate.

298. Results of non-destructive control for the load-bearing structures of the crane including the control results for repaired sections shall be documented.

299. Welding and heat treatment of the crane load-bearing structures shall be performed in accordance with validated techniques.

300. Welding and heat treatment of the crane critical structures shall be performed by the workers having passed the relevant training and admitted to unsupervised work.

VII. Basic requirements for seismic resistance of cranes

301. The crane and its mechanical components shall be designed for the loads from vibrations of the crane base without any load and with the load equal to the maximum capacity in case of a safe shutdown earthquake.

302. Seismic resistance calculation for the crane of group A and its components shall be performed by the response spectrum method with the use of seismic response spectra and seismic dynamic factors or by the dynamic analysis method with the use of validated software tools.

303. Seismic resistance calculations for cranes of groups A and B shall be performed for simultaneous seismic impact along three spatial coordinates.

304. Seismic resistance calculations for cranes of group B and C may be performed by the static method with due regard for the design seismic impact level at the rail track installation elevation (for the overhead track).

305. Operability of the crane after a design basis or safe shutdown earthquake and design basis accidents shall be confirmed by positive results of unscheduled complete technical examination.

VIII. Requirements for the crane testing

306. All cranes regardless of their production seriality shall be subject to testing after manufacturing.

307. The crane installed at the operation site shall be subject to testing in accordance with the testing program and procedure developed by the crane manufacturing organization.

308. Cranes shall be tested with reference loads. The actual mass shall be indicated on the reference loads; the mass of reference loads shall not deviate from the required value by more than 3%.

309. For cranes installed in the rooms where delivery of reference loads for testing is impossible static tests may be performed through the use of special-purpose loading jigs.

In order to perform the crane testing through the use of special-purpose loading jigs the operating organization shall develop an additional guideline with due regard for the requirements of the engineering documentation. In case the special-purpose loading jigs are used dynamic tests of the crane are not performed.

310. Acceptance testing programs and procedures shall be developed by the crane manufacturing organization, approved by the operating organization and shall contain administrative and technical measures for safety assurance in the course of testing.

311. The testing load (mass of the reference load) for testing of the cranes under operating conditions (including testing under load in the course of complete technical examinations) shall exceed the lifting capacity specified in the crane certificate by 25% for static tests and by 10% for dynamic tests.

312. Protocols with clear description of the tests, their results and acceptability of the test results shall be issued in the course of testing for the cranes and their components.

313. Results of the crane testing with indication of the numbers of the testing report and protocols issued subsequent to the testing results shall be specified in the crane certificate.

IX. Operation of cranes

314. Prior to the nuclear facility commissioning the cranes shall be brought into compliance with the requirements of these Rules.

315. The operating organization shall arrange maintenance of the cranes in operable state and safe conditions of their operation.

For these purposes the operating organization shall:

a) appoint the following persons from among the specialists having passed knowledge checks in accordance with par. 11 of these Rules:

the specialist (specialists) responsible for surveillance over safe operation of cranes;

the specialist (specialists) responsible for maintenance of cranes in good operating condition;

the specialist (specialists) responsible for safe performance of works with cranes;

b) appoint crane operators, their assistants, sling operators, metal workers, electricians and setup operators of safety devices for operation and maintenance of cranes;

c) develop job descriptions for the responsible specialists as well as standard operating procedures and log sheets for the operating personnel;

d) arrange performance of the proper technical examination, inspection, repair, maintenance and control.

316. A plate with the dimensions of at least 400x300 mm with indication of the registration number, nominal lifting capacity and date of the next partial and complete technical examination of the crane shall be attached to the crane in a well-visible place.

317. Repair works shall be performed in accordance with the repair documentation for the crane.

318. Maintenance and repair of cranes as well as repair and aligning of the rail track shall be performed with due regard for the requirements of the crane operation manual (guideline). The operating organization shall ensure timely elimination of all revealed malfunctions (defects and damages) of the crane.

X. Technical examination of cranes

319. Cranes shall be subject to technical examination prior to putting into operation in the form of complete technical examination and also during operation in the forms of complete and partial technical examination.

Technical examination shall be performed in accordance with the crane operation manual (guideline) with due regard for the requirements of these Rules.

320. In the course of complete technical examination the crane shall be subject to:

a) inspection of the crane components specified in the crane operation manual (guideline);

b) static testing;

c) dynamic testing.

Partial technical examination does not include static and dynamic testing of the crane.

321. Partial technical examination shall be performed at least once per 12 months, complete technical examination - at least once per 3 years except for the cranes occasionally used for repair and preventive works (hereinafter - rarely used cranes).

Cranes shall be classified as rarely used by the operating organization (with the relevant substantiation in the nuclear facility SAR).

Rarely used cranes shall be subject to partial technical examination at least once per two years and to complete technical examination at least once per 5 years.

322. Cranes installed in non-attended rooms of the nuclear facility shall be subject to complete technical examination with due regard for the nuclear facility operating conditions during the regular scheduled preventive maintenance but at least once per 2 years (for nuclear power installations - at least once per a fuel campaign).

Unscheduled complete technical examination of the crane shall be performed after:

a) completion of the nuclear facility construction (for the cranes used for performance of construction and installation works at the nuclear facility construction stage);

b) installation on a new site (except for jib-type cranes and quickly erected tower cranes);

c) refurbishment of the crane;

d) repair of metal structures with replacement of load-bearing (design) components or assemblies through the use of welding;

e) installation of removable jib equipment or jib replacement;

f) overhaul repair or replacement of the hoisting or jib winch;

g) impact of a design basis or safe shutdown earthquake on the crane;

h) installation of a new lifting capacity limiter of the crane.

324. After unscheduled technical examination of the crane the time limits for the next technical examination shall be defined from the completion date of the unscheduled technical examination of the crane.

325. After replacement of worn-out hoisting, jib or other ropes as well as in any cases of rope re-reeving correctness of reeving and reliable fastening of the rope ends shall be checked and proof-loading of the ropes with the working load shall be also performed; the relevant record shall be made in the crane certificate by the specialist responsible for maintenance of cranes in good operable state.

326. The operating organization shall appoint the commission for technical examination of the crane including the specialists of the operating organization responsible for surveillance over safe operation of cranes and for maintenance of cranes in good operable state.

327. The purpose of the technical examination is to determine that:

a) the crane and its installation comply with these Rules, nominal data and any documentation presented for registration;

b) the crane is in the state ensuring its safe operation.

328. Rejection standards for the rail track, ropes and crane components shall be specified in the operation manual (guideline). In case no relevant rejection standards are provided in the operation manual (guideline) rejection of ropes and the crane components shall be performed in accordance with Appendices 5-8 to these Rules.

329. Results of the crane technical examination by the commission with indication of the time limits for the next technical examination shall be recorded to the crane certificate by the specialist responsible for surveillance over safe operation of cranes who has taken part in the technical examination.

In case of a newly installed crane examination the record in the certificate shall confirm that the crane has been assembled and installed in accordance with these Rules and the operation manual (guideline) and has passed the tests.

The record in the certificate of any operable crane subject to periodical technical examination shall confirm that the crane complies with the requirements of these Rules, is in good working order and has passed the tests.

330. Cranes that have failed to pass technical examination within the specified time limits shall not be permitted for operation.

XI. Service life of cranes

331. The specified service life of the crane shall be stated in its certificate by the crane manufacturing organization.

332. The specified service life of the crane shall take into account the period of its operation in the course of the nuclear facility construction and also include usage of the crane in the course of the nuclear facility operation and decommissioning (in case the crane is intended for operation at the above-mentioned stages of the nuclear facility life cycle in accordance with the terms of reference for its development).

333. The operating organization shall arrange performance of the works for the crane life management with due regard for the observed life and actual crane operating modes (including any abnormal operation) in the course of the crane diagnostics and determination of its remaining lifetime and also extension of the specified service life.

334. The crane diagnostics works shall be performed by the organizations that have:

a) the personnel trained, certified and having valid certificates on the knowledge checks with regard to the relevant regulations in the area of nuclear energy use;

b) duly developed, updated and approved procedural documents regulating performance of the works for diagnostics and substantiation of the crane service life extension by the organization;

c) calibrated equipment for performance of the works for diagnostics and substantiation of the crane service life extension.

XII. Performance of works

335. In the course of operation of removable lifting gear and containers the operating organization shall arrange their visual control (inspection) within the following time limits:

a) cross-beams, jaws and other grippers and containers – every month;

b) slings (except for rarely used ones) - once per 10 days;

c) rarely used removable lifting gear and containers - prior to their delivery for operation.

Inspection of removable lifting gear and containers shall be performed in accordance with the guidelines approved by the administrative act of the operating organization and establishing the inspection procedure and methods as well as rejection parameters.

Any damaged and (or) non-labeled removable lifting gear detected in the course of visual inspection are not permitted for use and shall be withdrawn from operation.

336. In case no rejection parameters are specified by the manufacturer rejection of rope and chain slings shall be performed in accordance with Appendix 6 to these Rules.

337. It is not permitted to store any non-labeled and damaged containers in the areas where works with hoisting cranes are performed.

338. Accounting of lifting gear and containers used in the performance of crane works as well as results of their periodical inspections shall be performed through the use of a special accounting and inspection log sheet for lifting gear and containers.

339. The crane operation shall be organized in such a way as:

a) to avoid movement of any load above safety-related equipment and fuel;

b) to prevent collision and tangling of loads in the course of their movement;

c) to prevent any risks for the integrity of fuel pools and fuel (particularly for the water purity).

It is prohibited to leave any suspended load on the load-gripping apparatus of the crane during a break and after completion of the crane operation.

340. Crane works shall be performed in accordance with the construction management plan, the work execution plan and (or) flow sheets of load handling works.

341. The crane work execution plan and flow sheets of load-handling works shall take into account:

a) safe operation conditions for several cranes on the same track and on parallel tracks through the use of relevant safety instruments and devices;

b) the list of applied lifting gear and graphical image (scheme) of load slinging;

c) places and dimensions for load warehousing, access ways;

d) measures for safe performance of works with due regard for specific conditions at the site where the crane is installed (fencing of the construction site or installation area).

342. The crane work execution project and flow sheets of load-handling works shall be approved by the operating organization and delivered to the sites where the cranes are to be used prior to commencement of the works.

343. Specialists responsible for safe performance of works with the use of cranes, crane and sling operators shall be familiarized with the crane work execution plan and (or) flow sheets of load-handling works against written acknowledgment prior to commencement of the works.

344. The operating organization shall develop the list of nuclear- and (or) radiation-hazardous works performed in accordance with special-purpose programs for each crane of groups A and B.

345. Arrangement of the works and issuance of work permits shall be performed in accordance with the procedure established in the operating organization.

346. The operating organization shall establish the procedure for exchange of signals between the sling operators and the crane operators. Hand signals and the system of signal exchange in the course of radio communications shall be specified in the standard working procedures for the crane and sling operators. Hand signals in the course of load transportation through the use of cranes are given in Appendix 9 to these Rules.

Appendix 1

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Crane accident - destruction of the nuclear facility buildings (structures) where the cranes are directly installed and (or) the cranes themselves particularly falling of separate crane components and also occurrence of any breakages (or residual deformations exceeding the permissible values) in the design metal structures of the cranes.

Quick-erected tower crane - a tower crane installed at the nuclear facility through the use of its own mechanisms without any climbing works.

Hoisting machine - a cyclic technical device for load lifting and transportation.

Hoisting mechanism - a stationary mechanism for load lifting and lowering.

Classification (duty) group - characteristic of the mechanism or crane taking into account its use with regard to lifting capacity as well as time or number of working cycles.

Defect - any individual non-compliance with established requirements of the engineering, process or operation documentation of the crane.

Component part - any item of the supplying organization used as a constituent part of the crane produced by the manufacturing organization.

Safety factor - the ratio of the maximum design load (or design torque) the crane assembly unit (mechanism) is designed for to the actual operating load (or torque) taken by the crane assembly unit (mechanism) in the course of operation.

Braking safety factor - the ratio of the torque created by the brake to the maximum torque on the brake shaft due to applied static loads:

the maximum working load (for the lifting mechanism);

mass of the jib, counterweight, the maximum working load;

operation condition wind (for the radius varying mechanism).

Crane operator - a person having passed the relevant training and possessing the permit for operation of one or several crane types.

Rope wire breakage - single or multiple loss of integrity of an individual wire at the specified rope section length subject to control.

Operating parameter limiter - a device intended for automatic prevention of any exceedance of the permissible crane operating parameter value.

Working motion limiter - a device limiting and/or initiating stoppage of the mechanism working motion.

Crane failure - an event representing any operability loss of the facility (crane).

Damage - an event representing any malfunction of the operated facility (crane) with its operable state retained.

Polar crane - a circular bridge crane used to perform construction and installation works at the nuclear facility construction stage and also for performance of transportation and handling operations with nuclear fuel, radioactive waste, the reactor plant components at the nuclear facility commissioning, operation and decommissioning stages.

Crane repair - a set of operations aimed to restore proper functionality or operability of the crane.

Good working order of the crane - the state of the facility (crane) when it complies with all requirements of the regulatory and technical and (or) engineering (design) documentation.

Inoperable state of the crane - the state of the facility (crane) when it fails to comply with at least one requirement of the regulatory and technical and (or) engineering (design) documentation.

Operable state of the crane - the state of the facility (crane) particularly assemblies, mechanisms, control systems when the values of all parameters characterizing the capability to perform the prescribed functions comply with the requirements of the regulatory and technical and engineering (design) documentation.

Specialized organization - a business entity registered within the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure, having qualified personnel and facilities and performing at least one of the following works:

development of production processes including development of work execution plants and flow sheets for the facilities where cranes are used;

maintenance, installation (dismantling), repair, refurbishment (retrofitting), adjustment of cranes and (or) recorders, limiters, indicators, remote control systems of cranes, pneumatic and hydraulic equipment of cranes;

maintenance, installation (dismantling), repair, refurbishment (retrofitting), adjustment of rail tracks for movement of the cranes;

performance of technical examinations, non-destructive control, technical diagnostics.

Maintenance (repair) means - jigs, fixtures, tools and facilities intended for performance of the crane maintenance (repair).

Slinging - a process operation performed in the course of load lifting and transportation in order to fix the load on the crane. Slinging is carried out by strapping, hitching (gripping) or suspension of the load on the crane hook usually through the use of load-gripping apparatus.

Hoisting sling - a removable lifting gear in which the main component is a flexible connection element made of a rope, chain or textile band section. A bridle hoisting sling includes one or several lines (depending on the design) equipped with a link for suspension to the crane and grippers for the load. Slings may be circular or have additional loops or links on the ends for direct strapping of the load.

Removable lifting gear - an appliance for attachment of the load to the crane load-handling device which is easily removed from the latter and detached from the load.

Standard rail track design - the design that can be directly used for a standard crane rail track and also taken as the basis for development of an individual work execution plan for the particular rail track with due regard for the local conditions.

Cross-beam - removable lifting gear with the grippers attached to a linear, planar or spatial structure equipped with a device for suspension to the crane and intended for separate or combined performance of the functions ensuring the load shape stability, the load orientation, the maximum load lifting height, slinging of several loads and reduction of slinging time.

Maintenance - a set of operations or operation aimed to maintain the operability or serviceability of the item (crane) in the course of its use for the intended purpose, stand-by, storage and transportation.

Technical examination of the crane - a set of administrative and technical measures aimed to confirm operability and safety of the crane in the course of operation.

Process equipment - jigs, fixtures and tools where materials or workpieces, the relevant instruments and handling appliances are placed for performance of certain process operations.

Note: welding equipment, presses, machines, plating baths and test stands may serve as examples of the process equipment.

Indicator - a device warning and (or) submitting information which facilitates competent operation of the crane within the design parameters.

Crane installation - the crane position (positions) when all safety requirements ensuring strength, stability and safe transportation of loads with cranes under normal (nominal) operating conditions are fulfilled.

Crane operation cycle - a set of operations related to transportation of the load by the crane in the course of operation from the moment of the crane readiness for load lifting to the moment of readiness for lifting of the next load.

Operation documentation - technical documentation (a part of general engineering or design documentation) supplied by the manufacturing organization together with the crane and including the certificate, technical description and operation manual (guideline).

Crane operation in general is the stage of the crane life cycle when its quality is implemented, maintained and restored. The crane operation includes usage for the intended purpose (functioning), transportation, installation, storage, maintenance and repair.

Appendix 2

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE CONTENTS OF THE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE CRANE DEVELOPMENT

1. The following information shall be specified in the terms of reference for the crane development:

a) lifting capacity of the crane, the main types of transported loads, load lifting height (or range), requirements for the load lifting verticality, restrictions for combination of motions, speeds of mechanisms, speed adjustment range, bay dimensions (or jib radius), intensity of operation, peculiarities of process operations with the use of cranes;

b) crane group;

c) reliability indicators for the crane - the specified service life, the first overhaul period, mean time between failures, for cranes of group A - probability of the crane failure resulting in falling of the crane, its components or load; service life of component parts;

d) limit state criteria - defects of the structural components, mechanisms, practically exhausted lifetime;

e) redundancy - redundant functions and components (redundancy rate);

f) requirements for the crane installation;

g) requirements for the crane control, electromagnetic compatibility of its components, interlocks and alarms, parameter recorders;

h) requirements for the crane operability assurance in case of any failures of the nuclear facility equipment at the crane installation sites and in case of any accidents at the nuclear facility;

i) intensity levels for internal impacts (in case of any operational occurrences at the nuclear facility) and external impacts (of natural and human-induced origin including a design basis and a safe shutdown earthquake);

j) the procedure for arrangement and performance of testing, maintenance and repair of cranes;

k) requirements for the crane erection;

l) requirements for the materials, coating and design of the crane components with due regard for the possibility of their decontamination;

m) requirements for the materials for manufacturing of welded components for the crane metal structures and load-gripping apparatus;

n) requirements for load-gripping apparatus and appliances;

o) requirements for means (devices) intended for the crane operator emergency evacuation in case of necessity;

p) requirements for ergonomic parameters.

2. The terms of reference for the crane development shall include the requirements reflecting peculiarities and conditions of the crane usage (particularly humidity, temperature, radiation exposure), additional requirements for welding, control of metal and weld joints in the course of the crane manufacturing, installation and operation (in case of necessity) and also the requirements for:

a) protection of the crane operator against ionizing radiation;

b) equipment of the fixed crane control station with radiation-protective inspection windows;

c) equipment of the cabin and the fixed crane control station with radiation hazard waring alarm (if no general alarm is provided);

d) prevention of the crane and the load-handling device going outside of their established operation area;

e) radiation resistance of the crane components (particularly electric motors, wires, electrical radio components);

f) fire resistance of the electric wiring;

g) operation and repair documentation;

h) metal structures of the crane and its components;

i) crane mechanisms;

j) brakes;

k) undercarriage of the crane and its components;

l) ropes and/ or chains;

m) drums and blocks;

n) electrical equipment;

o) hydraulic equipment;

p) recorders, limiters and indicators;

q) controls;

r) counterweight and ballast;

s) galleries, platforms and ladders;

t) rail tracks.

Appendix 3

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONTENTS OF THE CRANE AND SLING CERTIFICATE

A. Requirements for the contents of the crane certificate

The crane certificate shall contain the following basic information:

1. general information particularly:

a) the manufacturing organization (with indication of its address);

b) type and purpose of the crane;

c) crane index (designation);

d) serial number of the crane;

e) year of the crane manufacturing;

f) purpose of the crane;

g) the main regulatory documents used as the basis for the crane manufacturing (designation and title);

h) crane classification information (safety class, crane group);

i) information on the crane configuration (particularly the information on the main lifting mechanisms, auxiliary lifting mechanisms, crane traveling mechanisms, truck traveling mechanisms, drive type);

j) the environment where the crane may be operated (operating conditions), seismic intensity (points), explosion hazard (group of the environment, zone class), fire hazard (group of the environment, zone class), radiation exposure dose;

k) permissible wind speed (for operable and inoperable state of the crane);

l) restrictions for simultaneous operation of mechanisms (if any);

m) voltage and number of phases (power supply circuit, control circuit, working lighting circuit, repair lighting circuit);

n) service life of the crane;

o) lifetime characteristics of the crane and its components;

p) warranty obligations;

q) transportability requirements;

r) requirements for the metrological support;

s) requirements for the diagnostic support;

t) requirements for mathematical, software and information and linguistic support;

u) requirements for preservation;

2. basic technical data and characteristics of the crane particularly:

a) basic characteristics of the crane (including the capacity of the main and auxiliary lifting mechanisms, lifting height and the crane span);

b) masses of testing loads (for static and dynamic tests) and/or characteristics of the  loading jig;

c) installation dimensions of the crane and truck (particularly the crane base, the truck base, the crane height from the rail head level, distance between terminal points of buffers in the crane movement direction, vertical distance from the rail head to the crane buffer center, the working radius of consoles, parts of line);

d) speeds of mechanisms and speed adjustment ranges for the main lifting mechanism, the auxiliary lifting mechanism, traveling of the crane and truck;

e) control area in the course of the crane operation, installation and testing;

f) method of control;

g) method of power supply for the crane and the truck;

h) mass of the crane and its main components;

i) maximum load from the crane wheel on the rail (in vertical plane and in horizontal plane);

j) crane rail type;

k) truck rail type;

3. technical data and characteristics of the crane assembly units and components particularly:

a) electric motors (with indication of their types and designation, current type, voltage,  nominal current, current frequency, nominal power, protection degree);

b) kinematic mechanisms (with indication of the main characteristics of toothed gear, reduction gears and brakes);

c) load-gripping apparatus;

d) recorders, limiters and indicators (including the lifting capacity limiter, safety contacts, stops and buffers, other protective devices, the crane operating parameter recorder);

e) alarm and communication devices;

f) the cabin with indication of the location, purpose, type, design (open or closed), number of seats, glazing type and characteristics, insulation characteristics, characteristics of the microclimate maintenance systems, the crane operator evacuation device, means for the cabin protection against ionizing radiation (if any);

g) data on the crane metal structures with indication of the most stressed points and their weld joints;

4. information on conformity assessment and organization of the crane operation:

a) information on the crane conformity assessment in the acceptance and registration forms;

b) information recorded to the certificate in the course of operation:

appointement of the specialists responsible for: in-process monitoring in the course of the crane operation; maintenance of the cranes in good working order; safe performance of works with the use of cranes;

any repairs of the cranes with indication of the repaired areas (sections) and components of the crane, applied welding materials (in case the repair works are performed through the use of welding), heat treatment type and regime (if any), and also testing and control results for the repaired components and areas (sections);

replacement of mechanisms, ropes, load-gripping apparatus, safety instruments and devices (if any);

refurbishment of the crane;

results of technical examination with indication of the examination date and time limits for the next examination;

5. documentation attached to the crane certificate:

a) certificates and manuals for individual crane assemblies;

b) the LCL certificate and operation manual (guideline);

c) certificates and manuals for recorders, limiters and indicators;

d) crane installation and erection manual (guideline);

e) crane operation manual (guideline);

f) manual for the rail track arrangement;

g) the list of spare and fast-wearing parts;

h) electric diagram of the crane;

i) the list of electrical equipment components;

j) electrical connection diagrams and tables of connections;

k) kinematic schemes of mechanisms;

l) rope reeving schemes with indication of the drum (drums) and block dimensions and also applied rope (ropes) fastening methods;

m) certificates of conformity (declarations of conformity) for the basic and welding materials;

n) manufacturing certificates and any documents confirming conformity assessment for the crane components in the acceptance form.

B. Requirements for the contents of the sling certificate

The sling certificate shall contain the following basic information:

1) name of the sling;

2) lifting capacity of the sling;

3) the regulatory document used as the basis for the sling manufacturing (designation and title);

4) the manufacturing organization (with indication of its postal/ registered address);

5) mass of the sling;

6) serial number of the sling according to the manufacturer's numeration system;

7) year and month of the sling manufacturing;

8) sling testing date;

9) sling testing results;

10) specified service life of the sling;

11) sling operation conditions (the minimum and the maximum ambient air temperature, °C).

Appendix 4

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

DEFINITION

OF CLASSIFICATION (DUTY) GROUP FOR CRANES AND MECHANISMS IN GENERAL

1. Definition of classification (duty) group for the crane in general

Classification (duty) group of the cranes in general shall be defined in accordance with Table 1 depending on the class of use (U₀ - U₉) characterized by the maximum number of cycles within the specified service life and the loading regime (Q1 - Q4).

The crane loading regime is characterized by the load distribution coefficient K_p determined in accordance with the formula:

,

where:

C_i is the mean number of working cycles with particular load weight;

C_T is the total number of working cycles with all loads:

;

P_i - particular weights of individual loads (loading level) during standard usage of the crane;

P_max - mass of the maximum load (nominal load) that may be lifted with the crane;

m = 3.

Table 1

Classification (duty) groups of cranes in general

2. Definition of classification (duty) group for mechanisms in general

Classification (duty) group for mechanisms in general shall be defined in accordance with table 2 depending on the mechanism class of use  T₀ - T₉ characterized by the mechanism operation duration (in hours) and the loading regime (L1 - L4).

The mechanism loading regime is characterized by the load distribution coefficient K_m determined in accordance with the formula:

,

where:

t_i is the mean mechanism operation duration with particular load levels Pi;

t_T is the total duration with all particular load levels;

;

P_i - particular loads (load levels) characteristic for application of this mechanism;

P_max - the maximum load applied to the mechanism;

m = 3.

Table 2

Classification (duty) groups of mechanisms in general

Appendix 5

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

REJECTION STANDARDS FOR STEEL WIRE ROPES OF CRANES

1. The following criteria shall be applied to assess safety of the rope usage:

a) type and number of wire breakages (Fig. 1-3) including presence of any wire breakages at the terminations, places of wire breakages concentration, rate of increasing in the number of breakages;

b) ply breakage;

c) surface and internal wear;

d) surface and internal corrosion;

e) local shrinking of the rope diameter including the core break;

f) reduction of the cross-section area of rope wires (loss of internal cross-section);

g) such deformations as ripple, bird-cage, wire and ply out-squeezing, crushing of plies, fractures, bends;

h) damage resulting from heat impact or electric arc.

Figure 1. Breakages and displacements of regular lay

rope wires

Figure 2. Combination of wire breakages with their wear:

a - in a regular lay rope; b - in a lang lay

rope

Figure 3. Wire breakages in the rope balancer area:

a - in several rope plies; b - in two plies

in combination with local wear

2. Rejection of ropes operated with steel and cast iron blocks shall be performed on the basis of the number of wire breakages according to Table 1 and Figure 4.

Ropes for cranes of group B as well as ropes of the cranes intended for transportation of molten or hot metal, fire-hazardous and toxic substances shall be rejected for half of the number of wire breakages.

3. In case of the rope diameter reduction due to surface wear (Fig. 5) or corrosion (Fig. 6) by 7% and more in comparison with the nominal diameter the rope shall be rejected even in the absence of any visible wire breakages.

In case of the rope diameter reduction due to damage of the core - internal wear, crimping, breakage (by 3% from the nominal diameter for rotation-resistant ropes and by 10% for other ropes) the rope shall be rejected even in the absence of any visible wire breakages (Fig. 7).

Table 1

The number of wire breakages mandating

rejection of steel ropes of cranes working with steel

and cast iron blocks

Notes

a) N is the number of load-bearing wires in the external plies of the rope; d is the rope diameter, mm.

b) Filling wires are not considered as load-bearing and thus shall not be taken into account. For ropes with several layers of plies only wires of the visible external layer shall be taken into account. For ropes with a steel core the latter shall be considered as an internal ply and shall not be taken into account.

c) The number of breakages shall not be confused with the number of broken wire ends which can be twice as large.

d) Blank lines in the column "Rope designs" mean absence of any rope designs with the corresponding number of wires. Upon appearance of such rope designs as well as for the ropes with the total number of wires exceeding 300 the number of wire breakages for the rope rejection shall be defined in accordance with the formulas given in the bottom line of the table; in this case the obtained value shall be rounded upwards to the whole number.

Figure 4. Sample determination of the number

of external wire breakages for a steel rope:

1 - only one end of the broken wire is found

at the controlled section, the opposite end of the broken wire

is absent (this defect corresponds to a single breakage);

2 - both ends of the broken wire are present

at the controlled section (this defect corresponds to a single breakage);

3 - one of the wires at the controlled section has double

loss of integrity (as losses of integrity

belong only to the same wire this defect

in aggregate corresponds to a single breakage)

In case of any surface wear or wire corrosion on the rope the number of breakages as the rejection characteristic shall be reduced in accordance with Table 2.

4. In case the initial diameter of external wires is reduced by 40% and more due to wear (Fig. 5e) or corrosion (Fig. 6e) the rope shall be rejected.

Determination of wire wear or corrosion with regard to the diameter shall be carried out through the use of a micrometer or any other instrument ensuring the same accuracy.

In case the number of wire breakages is less than the value specified in Table 1 and also in case of any surface wear of wires without their breakage the rope may be permitted for operation with recording of the inspection results to the inspection log sheet. The rope shall be replaced upon reaching of the wear degree specified in Table 2.

Table 2

Rope rejection standards depending on surface

wear or corrosion

In case the load is suspended on two ropes each rope shall be rejected separately.

Rejection standards for steel ropes of removable lifting gear for suspension of loads to hooks of the cranes referred to groups A and B shall be reduced to 75% of the values specified in Table 2.

5. In order to assess the state of internal wires i.e to control loss of the metal part of the rope cross-section (internal cross-section loss) caused by breakages, mechanical wear and corrosion of the wires in the internal ply layers (Fig. 8) the rope shall be subject to non-destructive control along the entire length through the use of special-purpose flaw detectors based on magnetic, X-ray or ultrasonic flaw detection (the latter is mandatory only for the ropes of cranes referred to group A and ropes of the cranes used for transportation of molten metal, fire-hazardous and toxic substances and also the ropes operated with blocks made of synthetic materials or metal blocks with synthetic lining of the surface contacting with the rope).

In case any loss of the wire metal cross-section of 17% and more observed in the course of control the rope shall be rejected.

6. In case one or several broken plies are detected in the rope this rope shall be rejected.

7. Ripple of the rope is characterized by its pitch and helix direction (Fig. 9). In case the ripple helix direction coincides with the rope lay direction and the ripple helix pitch H_h is equal to the rope lay pitch H_r the rope shall be rejected if d_h  1.08d_r where d_h is the ripple helix diameter and d_r is the nominal diameter of the rope.

In case the ripple helix direction does not coincide with the rope lay direction and the ripple helix pitch is not equal to the rope lay pitch or in case only one of the parameters coincides the rope shall be rejected if d_h  4/3d_r. The length of the analyzed rope section shall not exceed 25 d_r.

8. Ropes shall be rejected in case the following defects are revealed: local reduction of the rope diameter (Fig. 7); bird-cage deformation (Fig. 10); the core out-squeezing (Fig. 11); out-squeezing or lamination of plies (Fig. 12); local increase of the rope diameter (Fig. 13); crushed sections (Fig. 14); twists (Fig. 15); fractures (Fig. 16); bends (Fig. 17); damages caused by heat impact or electric arc.

Figure 7. Local reduction of the rope diameter at the point of

the organic core breakage

Figure 8. Reduction of the wire cross-section area

(intensive internal corrosion)

Figure 9. Rope ripple

Picture 10. Bird-cage deformation

Figure 11. Core out-squeezing

Picture 12. Out-squeezing of ply wires:

a - in one ply; b - in several plies

Picture 13. Local increase of the rope diameter

Figure 14. Rope crushing

Figure 15. Rope twisting

Figure 16. Rope fracture

Figure 17. Rope bend

Appendix 6

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

REJECTION STANDARDS FOR COMPONENTS OF ROPE AND CHAIN SLINGS

Rejection of operated load-gripping apparatus shall be performed in accordance with the guideline developed by the specialized or operating organization and defining the procedure, inspection methods and rejection parameters.

In case the owner has no guideline rejection of rope and chain sling components shall be performed in accordance with this Appendix.

A rope sling shall be rejected if the number of visible external rope wire breakages exceeds the value specified in the table.

Note: d is the rope diameter, mm.

A chain sling shall be rejected in case of a chain link elongation by more than 3% as compared with the initial size (Fig. 1) and in case of a chain link cross-section diameter reduction by more than 10% due to wear (Fig. 2).

Appendix 7

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

STANDARDS

FOR REJECTION OF THE RAIL TRACK COMPONENTS FOR SUPPORTED

AND SUSPENDED CRANES

A rail track of rail-mounted supported cranes shall be rejected in case of the following defects and damages:

a) cracks and chips with any dimensions;

b) vertical, horizontal or equivalent (vertical plus half of horizontal) wear of the rail head exceeding 15% from the relevant dimension of an unworn profile.

Ties (or half-ties) of a surface rail track shall be rejected in case of the following defects and damages:

a) reinforced concrete ties shall have no concrete chips with exposure of the reinforcement elements as well as any other concrete chips at the section with the length exceeding 250 mm;

b) reinforced concrete ties shall have no continuous encircling or longitudinal cracks with the length exceeding 100 mm and opening of more than 0.3 mm;

c) wooden half-ties shall have no fractures, transversal cracks with the depth exceeding 50 mm and the length of more than 200 mm, surface rots with the size of more than 20 mm under the plates and more than 60 mm on any other surfaces.

A mono-rail track for suspended cranes, electric hoists and mono-rail trucks shall be rejected in case of:

a) rail cracks and indents with any dimensions;

b) reduction of the rail band width due to wear ;

c) reduction of the rail flange thickness due to wear  with simultaneous flange bending  (see the figure).

Measurement scheme for the mono-rail flange wear

and bending in the course of fault detection:

B - initial flange width;

 - flange wear;

t - wall thickness;

f₁ - flange bending;

 - initial flange thickness

at the distance of (B - t) / 4 from the edge;

 - flange thickness reduction due to wear

Appendix 8

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

REJECTION LIMITS FOR CRANE COMPONENTS

--------------------------------

<*> For mechanisms with a central drive.

Appendix No. 9

to federal  rules and regulations

in the area of nuclear energy use

"Rules for arrangement and safe

operation of hoisting machines

and mechanisms used at

nuclear facilities",

approved by Order of the Federal

Environmental, Industrial

and Nuclear Supervision Service

dated March, 2, 2018 No. 92

HAND SIGNALS

IN THE COURSE OF LOAD TRANSPORTATION WITH CRANES